Islamic scholars Hassan

Hassan- al –Banna and Yusuf-al –Qaradawi are among the most renowned Islamic scholars. The two are famous for their role in championing for the rights of Muslim during the 20th century. As such, the two leaders are regarded as the fathers of contemporary Islamism. Banna was among the founders of the Muslim Brotherhood.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic scholars: Hassan-al–Banna and Yusuf-al–Qaradawi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More By the year 1945, the group had millions of followers across the Arab world. On the other hand, Qaradawi was a student of Banna. After Bannas death in the year 1949, Qaradawi became very prominent. He has written over a hundred books focusing on Islam, politics, and the association between Muslims and non-Muslims. This article seeks to highlight on the solutions and suggestions offered by the two leaders in relation to the political crises that affecte d Muslims during the 20th century. In his writings, Banna pointed out that Muslims could liberate their country from the political bonds if they adopted the way of Islam (Euben Muhammad 57). He noted that the Muslim world had lost its freedom and sovereignty to the colonialists. He suggested that during his era political struggle had subsided. Banna asserted that there are only two ways, which people could orient their nations for a better course. People could adopt either the western way of life or the Islamic way of life. He believed that each of the two ways had disadvantages and advantages. According to him, the Islamic way was the only means Muslims could solve their political crises. He suggested that if nations were to orient along Islam path, several benefits were going to be realized. To him, Islamic way fosters sanctity and stability in the minds of the people. Through this, he believed that once people get oriented to the Islamic way of life they will take pride in their nationality and portray sincere patriotism. He further suggested that taking his proposed course could strengthen Islamic unity and end the political issues faced during the 20th century. Banna urged the Islamic countries to unite. He suggested that united Arab countries could lead to a practical and vital deliberation on the issue of the departed caliphate. Equally, he also suggested that Islamic countries could reduce political issues if they end party rivalries in their countries. He urged them to channel their political forces into a single phalanx.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More He asserted that after ending party rivalries, countries should reform their laws to ensure that they conform to Islamic teachings. Throughout his arguments, he always blamed the west for corrupting the Arab youths. He believed that Arab Muslim were better off without the influence of the west. To him, the western way of life had made some Muslims to be selfish. Another reform postulated by Banna was that all Muslims nations should strengthen their armed forces. He suggested that renascent nations need strength. He believed that during his time peace could only be guaranteed through strength. During his era, there were numerous conflicts between the Arabs and the Israeli and their allies. Therefore, he supposed that a strengthen armed forces would only guarantee peace to the Arab Muslims. On the other hand, Qaradawi believed that political crises in the Muslim world have been fueled by misunderstanding between Islam and Democracy (Euben Muhammad 231). During the 20th century, some Muslim extremists insisted that democracy could not coexist with Islam. Other clerics insisted that democracy was unbelief. They believed that through democracy, humans had embraced human rulers rather than a Godly ruler. Qaradawi acknowledged in his writings that misunderstanding about democracy was the ma jor cause of political conflicts both in the West and in the East. Qaradawi proposed that there was a need to end the misunderstanding between Islam and democracy. He refuted claims by the Muslim extremist that democracy was unbelief. He suggested that in fact Islam prohibited dictatorial leadership. He points that the Quran rejects the notion that leaders lead individuals in prayer they do not accept. He further suggests that the best of the Islamic leaders are those that love their followers and are loved in turn by their followers. He suggested that the Muslim world could end their political issues if they embraced democracy by rejecting tyrant leaders. He associated tyranny with corruption. He further alleged that the Quran does not only reject tyrant leaders but also those who obey their commands. In this argument, he was referring to the police and the armed forces of the tyrant leaders in the Arab world during the 20th century. He suggested that the teachings of Prophet Muham mad forbidden the oppression and unjust treatment of the people by their leaders. He further suggested that democracy was the only tool available that can be used against tyrant leaders. Although democracy is not free of faults, he believed that it should be used to protect people from dictatorship leadership until another better approached is identified. He urged the Muslim world to adopt democracy because through it their leaders could respect their human rights and treat them equally.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Islamic scholars: Hassan-al–Banna and Yusuf-al–Qaradawi specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As noted above there are major differences between the two scholars’ suggestions about how to end the Muslims’ political crises. Banna believed that the Muslims woes were directly related to the western influence. As such, he blamed the Westerners for corrupting the Muslims cultures . On the other hand, Qaradawi believed that the confusion between the democracy and was the major factor that should have been blamed for the political issues faced in the Muslim world. Unlike Banna, he blamed the tyrant leaders for the increase in political issues. Another major difference between the two scholars’ arguments was that Qaradawi did not condemn the western way of life in the manner in which Banna condemned. Qaradawi noted that values that that are in line with the Quran are aimed at helping the people should be tolerated. He even embraced democracy as a means of ending tyrant leadership in the Arab world. This implies that he was more lenient to the western ideologies compared to Banna. On the other hand, Banna insists that Muslims could end their political rivalry if they embraced the Islamic way of life rather than the western way of life. This implies that he was totally against the western influence. Based on the above argument, it is apparent that Qaradawi embraced democracy while Banna was against democracy. Qaradawi argued that through democracy the Muslim world could liberate itself. However, Banna insisted that through the Islamic way of life Muslims could liberate themselves. Banna provided several ways through which the Arab nations could enhance their unity. Surprisingly, he never mentions about democracy in his proposals. Some of his proposals are against the will of democracy. For instance, he urges the nations to have control over the media. Works Cited Euben, Roxanne Leslie, and Muhammad Qasim Zaman. Princeton readings in Islamist thought: texts and contexts from al-Banna to Bin Laden. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2009. Print.Advertising Looking for essay on asian? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This essay on Islamic scholars: Hassan-al–Banna and Yusuf-al–Qaradawi was written and submitted by user Clay Phelps to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Romanesque Architecture Essays - Church Architecture, Basilica, Nave

Romanesque Architecture Essays - Church Architecture, Basilica, Nave Romanesque Architecture THE BASILICA AND BASILICAN CHURCHES A great deal of conjecture has been expended on the question as to the genesis of the Roman basilica. For present purposes it may be sufficient to observe that the addition of aisles to the nave was so manifest a convenience that it might not improbably have been thought of, even had models not been at hand in the civic buildings of the Empire. The most suitable example that can be chosen as typical of the Roman basilica of the age of Constantine is the church of S. Maria Maggiore. And this, not merely because, in spite of certain modern alterations, it has kept in the main its original features, but also because it departs, to a lesser extent than any other extant example, from the classical ideal. The lateral colonnade is immediately surmounted by a horizontal entablature, with architrave, frieze, and cornice all complete. The monolithic columns, with their capitals, are, moreover, homogenous, and have been cut for their position, instead of being like those of so many early Christian churches, the more or less incongruous and heterogeneous spoils of older and non-Christian edifices. Of this church, in its original form, no one however decidedly his tastes may incline to some more highly developed system or style of architecture will call in question the stately and majestic beauty. The general effect is that of a vast perspective of lines of noble columns, carrying the eye forward to the altar, which, with its civory or canopy, forms so conspicuous an object, standing, framed, as it mere, within the arch of the terminal apse, which forms its immediate and appropriate background. S. Maria Maggiore is considerably smaller than were any of the other three chief basilicas of Rome (St Peter's, St. Paul's, and the Lateran). Each of these, in addition to a nave of greater length and breadth, was furnished (as may still be seen in the restored St Paul's) with a double aisle. This, however, was an advantage which was not unattended with a serious drawback from a purely esthetic point of view. For a great space of blank wall intervening between the top of the lateral colonnade and the clerestory windows was of necessity required in order to give support to the penthouse roof of the double aisle. And it is curious, to say the least, that it should not have occurred to the builders of those three basilicas to utilize a portion of the space thus enclosed, and at the same time to lighten the burden of the wall above the colonnade, by constructing a gallery above the inner aisle. It is true, of course, that such a gallery is found in the church of S. Agnese, where the low-level of the floor relatively to the surface of the ground outside may have suggested this method of construction; but whereas, in the East, the provision of a gallery (used as a gynaeceum) was usual from very early times, it never became otherwise than exceptional in the West. Taking East and West together, we find among early and medieval basilican churches examples of all the combinations that are possible in the arrangement of aisles and galleries. They are the single aisle without gallery, which is, of course, the commonest type of all; the double aisle without gallery, as in the three great Roman basilicas; the single aisle with gallery, as in S. Agnese; the double aisle with single gallery, as in St. Demetrius at Thessalonica; and finally, as a crowning example, though of a later period, the double aisle surmounted by a double gallery, as in the Duomo at Pisa. These, however, are modifications in the general design of the building. Others, not less important, though they are less obviously striking, concern the details of the construction. Of these the first was the substitution of the arch for the horizontal entablature, and the second that of the pillar of masonry for the monolithic column. The former change, which had already come into operation in the first basilica of St. Paul without the Walls, was so obviously in the nature of an improvement in point of stability that it is no matter for surprise that it should have been almost. universally adopted. Colonnaded and arcaded basilicas, as we may call them, for the most part older than the eleventh century, are to be found in the most widely distant regions, from Syria to Spain, and from Sicily to Saxony; and the lack of examples in Southern France is probably due

Communication Strategies in Nike Inc Assignment

Communication Strategies in Nike Inc - Assignment Example The paper tells that Nike is dominating the sports material industry for the past 33 years. Nike emerged as the number one athletic footwear company in the US and secured the position of number two American brands in terms of name recognition among overseas consumers, the status of the company matched with that of renowned organizations such as IBM and Coca-Cola. This high degree of recognition is one of the main reasons how Nike has been so vastly successful. "Values and mission is the vision of Nike". Values and Mission both are hand glove, which makes the vision a meaningful. Nike's core values center on the spirit of competition and the thrill of winning, its mission is a big hairy, audacious goal that has led it to annihilate its competitors, Adidas and Reebok. The company's goals include delivery of value to the shareholders by building a profitable portfolio of global footwear, apparel, equipment, and accessories brands. And High single-digit revenue growth; Mid-teens earnings per share growth; Increased return on invested capital and accelerated cash flows; and Consistent results through effective management of its diversified portfolio of businesses. Nike is continuously engaged in the construction of its effective and impressive strategies and to achieve the goals with its profoundly qualified and experienced team of directors and presidents and its CEO. The strategies are focused in four key areas such as 1.Deepening the company relationship with consumers, developing, improving and maintaining the relationship with the consumers is vital for any organization especially the company engaged in the business of consumer goods; 2.Delivering superior, innovative products to the marketplace, it is very important to keep a keen watch on the improving trends in technology and fashion to and adjust the quality of the products to suit accordingly to the changed conditions there fore this good strategy which can keep the customers behavior intact with the compa ny product; 3.Making the company's supply chain a competitive advantage, through operational discipline and excellence, the company supply chain also plays important role in the business sine it is ultimate wing which enables to reach the company product to the intended audience if this supply chain is not monitored, managed and not made at competitive and advantageous to the end audience the market for the product will immensely effect; and 4.Accelerating growth through focused execution, construction and planning of the strategies only the first step towards achieving the aimed growth of the industry the aims and objective can be achieved only when they are implemented and put into execution. The communication strategies of the company with its audience includes the marketing communication teams these teams which include the supplier chain, distribution chain and the sales divisions; Posters this mode of communication leaves impressions on the consumers about the company products, the posters depicting quality and its feature of the product the company wants to communicate to the intended audience; Trade shows and Displays, trade shows and displays are also effective means of communication.