heath care system Essay -- essays research papers

In the United States today there is an epidemic in heath care costs and medical benefit coverage not covering all a patients need; leaving victims with large medical expenses. Today raising cost of heath care has effected the lower middle class tens of thousands in debt that lead them to bankruptsy; but resent laws passed by the Bush administration (undoubtedly lobbied by hospitals boards) making it nearly impossible for people in the middle class to file chapter 7 bankrupsy that starts them off with a clean start. Instead forcing them to file for chapter 13 that involves large sum of money be produced in *5 yrs with penalties ranging to imprisonment if the debtors defaults on payment. President Bush in a speech on the topic said people have to take responsibility and pay there debt. In this move he completely ignores the rapidly growing problem with the heath care system and appeases the insurance companies and the hospitals by forcing patients to extraordinarily high cost for proc edures and my belief that they have patients go through unnecessary treatments to help hospitals combat their raising costs of insurance (only back my personal experience). It is a system of capitalistic heath care and the patients are the one's losing their money to make the rich richer at the expense of quality (or at least effective) heath care to the masses.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  ...

Gay Macho: The Life and Death of the Homosexual Clone

â€Å" I n the sence, Gay Macho captures a moment in time, an exuberant period when gay men had thrown off the opprobrium of social stigma as failed men and widely, ecstatically, and somewhat recklessly articulated a new kind of gay masculinity. No more were gay men the â€Å"pitful effeminates† that Magnus Hirschfeld has called them, the inverts, men trapped in woman’s bodies. Gay men were real men , and their sense of themselves as gay was shaped by the same forces by which the experience themselves as men: traditional masculinity. † Pg. 1 Gay Macho, â€Å"Martin P Levine†- â€Å" Raining Men†, The Sociology of Gay Masculinity â€Å"The straight world has told us that if we are not masculine we are homosexual, that to be homosexual means not to be masculine†¦ One of the things we must do is refine ourselves as homosexuals. † – Tony Diaman (1970) Pg. 10 Gay Macho, â€Å"Martin P Levine†- The Clone as a man â€Å"All men in American culture, regardless of the future sexual orientation, learn the male gender role and sexual script, mainly because or culture lacks a anticipatory socialization for adult homosexuality. Regarding same- sex love as a loathsome aberration, the agents of socialization prepare all youths for heterosexual masculinity† – Dank (1971) Pg. 11 â€Å"Camp: a behavioral style entailing the adoption of feminine dress, speech, and demeanor. † Pg. 21 Gay Macho, â€Å"Martin P Levine†- The Birth of Gay Macho â€Å" Gay activists formulated radically different images of the postcloset homosexual (Marotta 1981, chaps. 5-6). Some gay liberationists viewed this man as a politicized hippie who eschewed traditional manliness, conventional aspirations, and established institutions. He avoided the quick sex associated with the sexual marketplace and formed instead lasting relationships. And he wore â€Å"gender fuck† attire that mixed masculine and feminine (beards and dresses). (Marotta – 1981, 144. ) Pg. 28 â€Å"The image heralded the masculinization of gay culture. Gay men now regarded themselves as masculine. The adopted manly attire and demeanor as a means of expressing their new sense of self. They also adopted this look to enhance their physical attractiveness and express improved self-esteem. â€Å" Pg. 28 Since American culture devalued male effeminacy, they adopted manly demeanor and attire as a means of expressing a more valued identity. † Pg. 28 -My question is, is what makes a man? How many times when you think of the idea of a man do you not get caught up my the idea that has been put in front of you because of the culture that we live in. As young boys are given a dress code, G-I Joe’s and swords, and taught to be kni ghts, doctors, and hero’s. What happens when one child doesn’t follow those rules, do we call him a rebel, weird, do we make up an excuse for his behavior, call him queer? The idea of a man is in us all man or woman and the expectations to live up to the idea sometimes are not as easy for some. -BUT YOU JUST WANT TO FIT IN -IS ONE SEX HOLDING BACK? J. Craik, 1994, The Face of Fashion London: Routledge pp 176-203 Fashioning Masculinity – Dressed for comfort or style: fashionless men â€Å"Men’s bodies have never simply stood for sex; consequently, their clothes never have either. Pitty the poor man who wants to look attractive and well dressed, but who feel that by doing so he runs the risk of looking unmanly. † (Steele 1989b: 61) Pg. 177 Men’s appearance has been calculated to enhance their active roles (especially occupation and social status). † Pg. 177 â€Å"The post -1960s reassertion of male fashion and male bodies. † Pg. 178 â€Å" Male fashion has been confined to particular groups and subcultures’, such as ‘gentlemen’, gays, popular entertainers, ethnic groups, and popular subcultura l groups (Almond 1988;consgrove 1989; Kohn 1989; D. Lloyd 1988). Pg. 179 â€Å"Perversely, normatively homophobic sportsmen have engages in blatantly homoerotic activities (touching, embracing, kissing, cuddling) which elsewhere they would denounce. In other words, sports have been ‘the privileged space of the legitimate gaze of male upon male (Miller 1990, pg. 82). † â€Å" Out of the sporting arena, however, the men have continued to eschew signs of masculinity and sexuality. Insofar as clothes articulate masculinity, they display attributes of strength and power rather then male sexual desire and homoeroticism. † Pg. 192 â€Å"Not only have men been reluctant to wear clothes the exude sexuality but they have also been loathe to indulge in other behavior associated with sexual display, including shopping (Pumphrey 1989: 97). Pg. 192 â€Å"Scheuring (1989) has explained the way in which the humble pair of jeans was transformed from practical, rural and blue collar work-clothes into a fashion garment synonymous with youth. † Pg. 194 â€Å" The break came in the early 1950’s when middleclass, white rock singers and film stars (such as Elvis Presely, Eddie Cochran, Gene Vincent, Marlon Brando and James Dean) adopted the Levi Strauss 501 style (with button flies) and black leather jackets to convey a ‘tough, rugged, youth-rebel appearance (Ibid. :227). † Pg. 194 The new man is a contradictory composite: one who is becoming more self-conscious of what it is to be a man, and one who sees through the farce of masculinity and all the entrappings that accompany it’ (Gentle 1988: 98). † Pg. 197 â€Å"Male models, too, make eye contact with the viewer, adopt sultry expressions, display their best masculine features, and allow their bodies to be dissected by the camera. Garber has shown that dress code have established the boundries of self through rules concerning status and gender, and the ‘anxieties’ associated with them (Garber 1992: 32). Pg. 203 â€Å"Changing conventions of men’s fashion have entailed re-worked attributes of masculinity that have transformed male bodies into objects of gaze, of display and decoration. This radically undercuts the Victorian and post-Victorian idea of masculinity as the display of restraint in a disciplined body. Finkelstein (1991: 134)† Pg. 203 â€Å" At the more extreme end of high fashion, Gaultier has, fro example, used ‘feminine’ fabrics like lace and silk, sexualized leather garments, and experimented with men’s skirts (Gentle 1988: 99). Pg. 200 â€Å"Gaultier’s collec tions have created controversy because they question and undermine definition of masculinity by creating clothes that are effeminate. (Tredre 1992a: 8). † Pg. 200 A. Bennett, â€Å"Fashion†, 2005, culture and everyday Life, London, Sage pp95-116 Fashion and Masculinity- â€Å"Men’s appearance has been calculated to enhance their active roles’ (Ibid: 176). † Fashion and ethnic identity- â€Å"Fashion also plays significant role in the articulation of ethnic identity in contemporary everyday settings. As back notes, ethnic identity, as with other forms of social identity, can no longer be regarded as â€Å"real† or â€Å" essential† but is rather a ‘multi-faceted phenomenon which may vary through time and place’ (1993: 128). † Pg. 113 * most of the time people with other ideas for the norm are not liked by others. * Masculinity stereotypes * Stereotype: a widely held but fixed and oversimplified image or idea of a particular type of person or thing : the stereotype of the woman as the carer | sexual and racial stereotypes.

Essay about The Roman Emperor Tiberius - 1974 Words

In the early first century AD, the Roman Empire was subject to autocratic rule and the old Republic was long dead. Augustus had been ruling for forty years and most of that time he was loved and praised by the Senate and the people of Rome. Throughout his reign, Augustus had the one lingering problem of finding a successor to take over the role of Emperor. He had chosen 3 different heirs in his time of rule; however, they all passed before they had the chance to inherit Augustus’ esteemed power. His fourth choice, Tiberius, was the one to succeed Augustus. He was often referred to, by Augustus, as an outstanding general and the only one capable of defending Rome against her enemies. The statement, ‘Tiberius is condemned by many ancient†¦show more content†¦However Tiberius still was not pleased as he knew he was being used again for political purposes as Augustus did not want Tiberius as heir (A.J.K, 1989). Tiberius was then given an army to pacify Germany. Foll owing the great success there, the Illyricum revolt was stopped which made the region safe for Rome. As a reward for his efforts Tiberius was named co-reagent with Augustus in 13AD (A.J.K, 1989). Following Tiberius’ succession, two mutinies broke out; one in lower Germany on the Rhine and another in Pannonia on the Danube due to the troops’ conditions of service and the pay. Tiberius quickly responded and ordered Germanicus to resolve the mutiny on the Rhine and Drusus to resolve the Danube mutiny. Drusus succeeded; however, Germanicus did not, showing his lack of strength and decisiveness. Germanicus later died and Tiberius then adopted Drusus as his son and made his heir (M.K, 1989). The mutinies in Pannonia and on the Rhine were not a good start to Tiberius’ rule and the Senate saw that. Tiberius disregarded the mutinies and attempted to follow in his predecessor’s steps of co-ruling with the Senate. Tacitus condemns Tiberius by stating, ‘Tiberius made a habit of always allowing the consuls the initiative, as thought the Republic still existed and he himself uncertain whether to take charge or not.’ Suetonius contradicts Tacitus’ claim by writing, ‘Tiberius did notShow MoreRelatedSex in the City-the Roman Empire1579 Words   |  7 PagesSex in the times of the Roman Empire was much less taboo than it is in todays society. If you could go back in time and walk around the streets of Rome you would find sex everywhere. From graffiti on walls, to brothels in the middle of town, sex just did not have the stigma and guilt that we associate with it today. No men took advantage of this more than the men with the most power, th e emperors. Although many of the Roman Emperors were perverse you only have to look at the first three to findRead MoreThe Legacy Of Claudius Nero By Marcus Tullius Cicero1636 Words   |  7 Pagessystem which we Roman senators live and embody. They translate to the Greek: â€Å"The safety of the people is the highest law† (Cicero c.50BC, 241), which is not soon forgotten, despite the banishment and subsequent death of Cicero. A titanic figure in his time, we can only imagine the outcry he would have given the trials and tribulations that have plagued us in recent times, and in particular during the long reign of Tiberius Claudius Nero Drusus Caesar, known simply to the people as Tiberius. It is worthRead MoreRomes Really Bad Emperors Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesTiberius, who served as emperor from 14 to 37 AD, began his rule after the death of his father-in-law, Augustus. Tiberius was a weak ruler, and he understood that ruling Rome was like â€Å"holding a wolf by the ears.† When conflict arose in Europe, Tiberius sent his nephew, Germanicus, to deal with it. Germanicus did his job, and this resulted in Tiberius fearing the newest war-hero. To avoid the issue, Germanicus was appointed governor of the remote eastern provinces by his uncle. After the suddenRead MoreTiberius- Roman Empire1507 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Tiberius was the second emperor of Rome and a highly-successful soldier whose reputation for arrogance and debauchery is probably unfounded† (BBC History) Tiberius was a significant Julio-Claudian emperor who applied a great deal of contributions to the Roman Empire during his reign†¦ The Julio-Claudian dynasty refers to the first five  Roman Emperors:  Augustus, Tiberius,  Caligula  (also known as Gaius),  Claudius, and  Nero and the family to which they belonged. They ruled the  Roman Empire  from itsRead MoreThe Bad Emperors of Rome Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesCaring, respectable, valued and honoured are all traits desirable of an emperor. Augustus encompassed all of these and went as far as restoring the Republican government from its once fallen state, but this was all forgotten when Tiberius became emperor. Tiberius was corrupt by power and Rome began to live in an era of destruction. As well, the subsequent emperors, Caligula and Nero followed in the same path, portraying violence and negatively impacting the city of Rome. Their reign caused themRead More Robert Graves’ I, Claudius - Capturing a Strange Moment in History1302 Words   |  6 PagesStrange Moment in History Tiberius reign over the Roman Empire stretched the longest of any emperor during Claudius lifetime. This may be a good reason why Robert Graves, in his historical novel published in 1934, â€Å"I, Claudius† devoted more than a third of it to the reign of Tiberius. â€Å"I, Claudius†, told through the eyes of the half-wit Claudius, records the history of the first Imperial family at Rome, including the reigns of Augustus, Tiberius, Caligula, and even Claudius himselfRead MoreJulius Caesar : The Great Expansionist1681 Words   |  7 PagesExpansionist Was Caesar Augustus an expansionist? Granted, he obviously enlarged the Roman Empire through a series of conquests during his reign. However, were those conquests for defensive or offensive reasons? That is the question we must ask when examining the foreign policy of the first Roman Emperor, Imperator Caesar Divi Filius Augustus, or simply Augustus. As the founder of the Roman Empire, ruling from 27 B.C.-14 A.D., Augustus inherited a dying Republic that had previously embarkedRead MoreRoman Impact on Christianity1647 Words   |  7 PagesAbigania 1 Peter Abigania New Testament Professor Moore A World-Changing Impact: The Roman Empire’s Impact on the Early Christian Church It would be simple enough to say that the Christian faith has much to do with Rome’s political status and the instatement of the Pax Romana, but there are so many other factors that had the great empire closely correlated with the Christian faith. For one, a succession of rulers with different types of ruling styles would force believers and converts to flee inRead MoreThe Roman Republic1412 Words   |  6 PagesLindi Ingram Professor Salzman February 26, 2016 As a descendent of the deified Emperor Augustus, Agrippina was born into a powerful and respected family. She exploited this power, obtaining a level of influence over her husband and son that was only available to ambitious, imperial men. Her use of manipulation and violence has led ancient writers, such as Tacitus, to describe her political career as inappropriate and excessive. But I will argue against these views. On the contrary, I will showRead MoreClaudius : The Second Roman Emperor Of The Julio Claudian Dynasty1288 Words   |  6 PagesTiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus, more commonly referred to as Claudius, was appointed as the fourth Roman Emperor of the Julio-Claudian dynasty, following the assassination of his nephew and preceding Emperor, Caligula, in 41 A.D. (Wasson, 2011) Despite the initial pessimistic perspective held by prominent Roman figures regarding his performance as Emperor, Claudius proved to be an efficient leader whom increased the autocratic nature of Rome through his Empire expansion campaigns and policies

The Problem Of Elderly Substance Abuse - 1490 Words

People are often surprised to learn that elderly people abuse drugs and alcohol at extremely high rates. In fact, elderly substance abuse has become something of an unknown epidemic in the country, impacting an ever-increasing number of people. Sadly, this problem is often ignored or misunderstood and elderly people with addictions rarely get the help they need. Hopefully this problem changes for the good before it changes for the bad. Until then, it s worth knowing more about it, including the severity of its impact and where it originates. In this way, you can make an informed decision on treatment, whether for yourself or a loved one. The Impact Is Shockingly Huge Elderly addiction is a complex problem and one that has devastated a†¦show more content†¦As a result, an increasing number of seniors (who may already be suffering from physical and mental health problems and who may be on a fixed budget) are becoming addicted to the medicines that were supposed to help them. Addiction to prescription medication is an often poorly understood problem and one that can quickly tear a person s life and health to shreds. Those are just the two most common substance abuse problems in the elderly. Elderly people also suffer from addiction to cocaine, heroin, morphine, marijuana, and many other substances. Medical marijuana use has become increasingly common in elderly people. This is understandable for people who have severe pain, but the use of more serious substances is problematic in the elderly. The heart of an older person is likely to give out more quickly when they use cocaine, even if they re a regular user. The Influences On This Epidemic What is causing this high rate of addiction in the elderly population? Primarily, it seems, depression and anxiety. One study found that 63 percent of elderly people that abused drugs said that their use was influenced by these twin totems of mental health disorder. These feelings were related to the realities of aging, such as physical pain, loss of friends and family, and problems with financial stability. That s why it s not too shocking that an additional 30 percent said that financial problems influenced

Jeffrey Dahmer A Closer Look - 700 Words

Jeffrey Dahmer: A Closer Look Jeffrey Dahmer was responsible for a series of horrific murders of seventeen young men from 1988 until he was caught on July 22, 1991, in Milwaukee. This single individual grabbed the attention of the entire nation and brought to light the idea that no one in society should be trusted. Although Dahmer presented himself to be a normal yet quiet man, the horrendous details of this 23 year old case are enough to frighten and test the paranoia of many. Jeffrey Dahmer aided in destroying America’s trust in society through his unmerciful ways yet calming and seemingly normal demeanor. Jeffrey Dahmer was born on May 21, 1960, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin to Lionel and Joyce Dahmer (Crime Museum.org). According to a†¦show more content†¦The majority of his victims were strangled. Jeffrey Dahmer collected body parts from his victims as a type of trophy and took pictures as souvenirs which were later used for his own sexual arousal. This Modus Operandi (techniques used to commit a crime) was the exact way that Dahmer destroyed America’s trust in society. The public was fooled by Dahmer and his demeanor. Although a little strange through his teen years, Dahmer seemed to be a normal American man from a small town with no intent to kill a soul. Just as Dahmer’s victims were tricked and lured by his quiet and calm mannerisms, so was America. When discussing Jeffrey Dahmer, one question comes to mind; â€Å"What would cause a man to completely lose his mind in such a terrible way?† According to Criminal-Psychology.net, Dahmers murders were based on fantasies. These fantasies were often about homosexual desires and sadistic needs to be in control of the victim. His methods of controlling the bodies of his victims included injecting boiling water and acid into their skulls, none of which worked but rather instantly killed them. Holding in these strong temptations is what may have pushed Dahmer off the edge and into a twisted life of sick, uncontrollable killings. What made Jeffrey Dahmer so different from any other serial killer? It wasn’t the amount of men murdered, nor the ways of luring the victims in. What made Dahmer so unique was the trust embeddedShow MoreRelatedThe Greatest Military Leader Of All Time2031 Words   |  9 Pagesin a completely wrong direction for all of the wrong reasons. Jeffrey Dahmer was a leader in all of the wrong ways. Jeffrey Dahmer opened new windows for people. He led people to believe that there really is monsters out there. He led people to believe that it happened once, and it can happen again. Joyce and Lionel Dahmer, parents of Jeffrey Dahmer, describe his early childhood years as happy and in tune with what was going on. Jeffrey was always obsessed with animals and would often collect theRead MoreCase Study of Jeffrey Dahmer2982 Words   |  12 PagesA Case-Study of Jeffrey Dahmer. This paper will present case-analysis of the life and history of American psychopathic offender Jeffrey Dahmer. With the aim of carrying out this assignment effectively the research will be done from a psychological perspective; with regard to understanding the best fitted typology for the defendant’s criminality. Here these intimate aspects of the study will purely focus on the profiling of the offender, analyzing his past criminal record conjointly introducingRead MoreEssay on Serial Killers3024 Words   |  13 Pagesreason enough to kill. Perhaps it is the imaginary love that Lester feels from the dead bodies that he once felt from his parents that brings him to murder. Murdering brings him closer to the love he has lost over the years. Now that the factors that create a serial killer have been revealed it is helpful to look into specific examples of serial killers to further understand Lester’s case. One of the most notorious sexual serial killers of our century was Ted Bundy. Theodore Robert CowellRead More Horrors of Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation Essay1648 Words   |  7 Pagesstudents to harm animals elsewhere. In fact, serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer attributed his fascination with murder and mutilation to classroom dissections. In the last interview before his death, televised on Dateline NBC, Dahmer stated, In 9th grade, in biology class, we had the usual dissection of fetal pigs, and I took the remains of the pig home and kept the skeleton of it, and I just started branching out to dogs and cats. 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As he looked closer, he saw that it was a woman on her back, either dead or just merely drunken. As a few men arrived on the scene from down the court, the light revealed her slashed throat and the large puddle of blood around her. Police arrived to the scene quicklyRead MoreVideo Games and Violence: Both Sides of the Argument3566 Words   |  15 Pagesof the research she cites may not be reliable. First of all, the research she cites is all correlational, and as stated previously, correlation is not causation. Second, the research done by Kathleen Bander (1996) is downright wrong. Perhaps it was closer to being correct 10 years ago with games being much simpler, but action games tod ay do not fall into her criteria. Here are her criteria of messages that all violent video games send: • Problems can be resolved quickly and with little personal investment

Energy Consumption And Greenhouse Emission - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Energy Consumption And Greenhouse Emission. Answer: Introduction This section aims to present an overview of the chosen topic for research and purpose behind selection of the particular topic. Further, the objective for the research is also stated in this section along with preparing the research questions. This section further helps to present aim of the research so that the readers can easily understand the motive behind undertaking this particular research. This research project aims to enhance the quantitative information that is available on energy consumption by commercial buildings. This research will help to analyze the building stock along with energy that is consumed by fuel as well as end use. The data that will be considered for the research project is emission of greenhouse gases from the year 1999 to 2020. Background of the study In this modern world of technological innovations, there is an over increasing demand for energy so as to meet the requirements of people. The increasing demand of energy stimulates the growth of economy however the use of energy also results into emission of greenhouse gases. The existing studies in the past have focused on the relationship among environmental pollutants along with consumption of energy and growth of economy (Khan et al., 2014). Global warming is arising as a major concern for this modern world and there are various measures undertaken by different countries. Hence, this particular research has been chosen to determine if there is any relationship between energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases. This study will prove to be beneficial for reducing the emission of greenhouse gas particularly in context to the hotels in Australia. Aim of the research The aim of this study is to identify the possibilities of relationship between consumption of energy and emission of greenhouse gases in context to the hotels in Australia. This study will also help to determine usage of energy and the associated emissions of greenhouse gases by considering the quantitative information available with respect to the commercial buildings in Australia. Objectives of the research It is essential to identify and prepare some objectives in accordance to aim of the research so that the chosen topic can be further explored. The developing of objectives for the research helps to divide a broad topic into suitable forms to ensure success of the study. The objectives that have been determined for successful accomplishment of this particular research are listed as below: To identify if there is any relationship between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in hotels of Australia. To determine the energy usage and the associated emission of greenhouse gases for hotels in Australia. To study the impact of energy usage on emission of greenhouse gases in context to hotels in Australia. Research Questions The research questions forms the base for understanding the topic of research in depth and in a detailed manner. The research questions emphasizes on selected area of analysis so as to gain relevant as well as appropriate information in accordance to the chosen topic for research. The questions that have been prepared for research on the particular chosen topic is listed as below: Do you think that there is relationship between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in hotels of Australia? Do you think that emission of greenhouse gases is related to usage of energy in hotels of Australia? Do energy usage influence greenhouse gas emissions in hotels of Australia? Structure for the study The entire research project will be conducted by following an organized and detailed format as provided below: Chapter 1 Introduction: This section will focus on providing an overview of the chosen topic for research. Moreover, the aims and objectives of the research are also stated in this section that helps to analyze the research topic. Chapter 2 Literature Review: This section helps to achieve some knowledge on the theories and concepts that are important to conduct the research. In this section, the focus is on critically analyzing existing studies on the chosen topic. Chapter 3 Research Methodology: In this section, the stepwise methods for conducting the research will be discussed. This section as a chapter helps to guide the researcher and understand the process for conducting the study. Chapter 4 Findings and Analysis: This particular section is intended for analyzing the data that will be collected for the study. Further, the section will also demonstrate the results that have been achieved from the study. Chapter 5 Conclusion and Recommendations: This is considered as the final section that draws a conclusion to the study. Further, this section also focuses on recommendations that can be followed for conducting this study in future. Summary This section has focused on providing an overview of the topic that has been chosen for this particular research. The purpose behind undertaking this particular study is also described along with preparing of objectives and research questions. Further, the structure that have to be followed for conducting the entire research project has also been illustrated in this section. Literature Review Introduction This particular section concentrates on developing academic knowledge so as to determine the relationship between the consumption of energy and emission of greenhouse gases. The researcher as well as the readers will be able to achieve better understanding on the research topic with the help of this knowledge. The discussions are carried in this section to study the research topic in a more detailed manner. Theoretical Background The emergence of increasing demand for energy for carrying out human activities have significantly contributed to the change in climate as a result of carbon dioxide emissions. The emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is increasing the global temperature level as well as greenhouse gases. According to Khoshnevisan et al. (2013), there is continuous growth in the levels of carbon dioxide to 390 ppm above pre-industrial levels. Hence, this study will help to understand the relation between energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases in context to hotels in Australia. Energy consumption in buildings According to Scofield (2013), it has been reported that around 35 to 40% of total energy is consumed by buildings of developed countries comprising of 50 to 65% electricity consumption. The energy demand is believe to be consistently rising in the buildings for improving the standard of living along with quality of life. The hotels are mostly using energy for maintaining their services being offered to the customers and quality standards. Further, the hotels also offer food and delicacies to their clients due to which there is high consumption of energy such as electricity as well as fuel gas. Chau, Leung and Ng (2015), has stated that 100% of the energy that is generated onsite in hotels using sources with low or even zero carbon can be used for reducing the consumption of energy annually. Emissions from energy consumption in buildings The emission of carbon dioxide due to consumption of energy in context to buildings can be categorized into two types that is direct emissions which means burning of fuel gas for heating or cooking purposes and emissions due to electricity usage for heating, cooling or providing power to the buildings (Alshehry Belloumi, 2015). The emission in hotels consist of both these categories thus increasing the percentage of greenhouse gas emissions. Electricity along with direct consumption of natural gas and petroleum is used for heating or cooking purpose in hotels which are the two most common sources of energy. Approximately 78% of total energy being consumed by buildings is from electricity that results into significant emission of greenhouse gases. As per Huang, Wang and Wang (2015), GHG outflows from power have expanded by around 18% since 1990, as the interest for power has developed and petroleum derivative has remained the prevailing hotspot for age. The measure of vitality expend ed has quadrupled since 1940, while the populace generally multiplied. A sharp increment in lodging units has likewise added to this pattern. There were 140 million lodging units in 2011, an expansion of over 250% since 1940. Summary The hotel industry is utilizing significant amount of energy and thus contributing towards emission of greenhouse gases. In the upcoming years, it is believed that the percentage will rise due to rapid changes in lifestyle as well as technologies. Hence, there is a need to mitigate this issue for reducing the impact on climate. Research Methodology Introduction This section as a chapter defines the approach that is most appropriate and have to be adopted for attaining the results of the research. Flick (2015), illustrates upon the various theories as well as concepts that can be adopted for acquiring in depth knowledge and better analysis of the topic that has been selected for the research. The application of proper research methodology will help to understand the suitable procedure for determining the relationship between energy consumption and emission of greenhouse gases. Further, Punch (2013), has pointed out that common errors may arise while adopting the detailed process for conducting the research which often creates limitations within the process for research. Research Approach The study on the particular topic for this research can be undertaken with the help of two ways that is it may be either deductive or inductive. The inductive approach helps to conduct the research even if there is no data available on the selected topic. The initiation phase of this approach is observation which helps to gather relevant information. However, according to Yilmaz (2013), deductive approach can be used for describing the practical application of theories for attaining the concept of chosen research topic. This approach will help to develop a theory more specialized and concepts for analysis of data. Hence, it is required that the approach should be selected based on the topic for research and nature of the study so that better analysis can be done on the selected topic. Data collection procedure For any research, data is an essential element for collecting information as well as facts that are helpful to study the topic for research. According to Brannen (2017), collection of data is important for deriving more accurate results in context to the study. For this particular research, secondary data is selected as suitable sources of data that can be gathered from online as well as offline sources such as journals, articles along with websites and existing studies that are available on the internet. The data that will be analysed for this particular research will be from the year 1999 to 2020 in context to hotels in Australia. The data to be used for this research is available in the Australian government website Department of the industry, innovation and science from page number 66 to 70. Research Method The methodology that will adopted for this study is quantitative as it will help to gather statistical data for conducting the particular research. This methodology will prove to be beneficial as it helps to achieve accurate results based on objectives prepared for the research. The quantitative approach is suitable for this particular research as it emphasizes on statistical, mathematical or even numerical analysis of data that is obtained from surveys, polls and questionnaires. In this approach, the researcher can also manipulate the data that is already existing with the help of computational techniques. Population and sampling The sample population intended for this research will be 200 records based on the chosen area of research. The simple random sampling approach will be considered for this study as every member will have equal chance to participate for collecting data. The chosen sampling approach for the research is suitable as it is provides every participant with an equal opportunity in participating in the research. The data will be chosen according to validity of those and completeness. The variables that have been identified for this particular research are Energy consumption rate and greenhouse gas emission. Ethical considerations The study for determining the relationship between energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions in context to hotels of Australia will be conducted by taking into account the following ethical considerations as below: Involvement of respondents: The participants or members associated with this research will not be exerted with any external influence or pressure to take part in the research. Anonymity of respondents: The identity of the participants will not be disclosed and it will be kept confidential. References Alshehry, A. S., Belloumi, M. (2015). Energy consumption, carbon dioxide emissions and economic growth: The case of Saudi Arabia.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,41, 237-247. Brannen, J. (Ed.). (2017). Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge. Chau, C. K., Leung, T. M., Ng, W. Y. (2015). A review on life cycle assessment, life cycle energy assessment and life cycle carbon emissions assessment on buildings.Applied Energy,143, 395-413. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Girod, B., van Vuuren, D. P., Hertwich, E. G. (2014). Climate policy through changing consumption choices: Options and obstacles for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.Global Environmental Change,25, 5-15. Huang, K. T., Wang, J. C., Wang, Y. C. (2015). Analysis and benchmarking of greenhouse gas emissions of luxury hotels.International Journal of Hospitality Management,51, 56-66. Karimpour, M., Belusko, M., Xing, K., Bruno, F. (2014). Minimising the life cycle energy of buildings: Review and analysis.Building and Environment,73, 106-114. Khan, M. A., Khan, M. Z., Zaman, K., Naz, L. (2014). Global estimates of energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions.Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews,29, 336-344. Khoshnevisan, B., Rafiee, S., Omid, M., Yousefi, M., Movahedi, M. (2013). Modeling of energy consumption and GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions in wheat production in Esfahan province of Iran using artificial neural networks.Energy,52, 333-338. Liddle, B. (2014). Impact of population, age structure, and urbanization on carbon emissions/energy consumption: evidence from macro-level, cross-country analyses.Population and Environment,35(3), 286-304. Mata, ., Kalagasidis, A. S., Johnsson, F. (2013). A modelling strategy for energy, carbon, and cost assessments of building stocks.Energy and Buildings,56, 100-108. Nabavi-Pelesaraei, A., Abdi, R., Rafiee, S., Mobtaker, H. G. (2014). Optimization of energy required and greenhouse gas emissions analysis for orange producers using data envelopment analysis approach.Journal of Cleaner Production,65, 311-317. Nejat, P., Jomehzadeh, F., Taheri, M. M., Gohari, M., Majid, M. Z. A. (2015). A global review of energy consumption, CO 2 emissions and policy in the residential sector (with an overview of the top ten CO 2 emitting countries).Renewable and sustainable energy reviews,43, 843-862. Punch, K. F. (2013). Introduction to social research: Quantitative and qualitative approaches. Sage. Scofield, J. H. (2013). Efficacy of LEED-certification in reducing energy consumption and greenhouse gas emission for large New York City office buildings.Energy and Buildings,67, 517-524. Tam, W. V., Le, K. N., Tran, C. N. N., Wang, J. Y. (2017). A review on contemporary computational programs for Building's life-cycle energy consumption and greenhouse-gas emissions assessment: An empirical study in Australia.Journal of Cleaner Production. Tsai, K. T., Lin, T. P., Hwang, R. L., Huang, Y. J. (2014). Carbon dioxide emissions generated by energy consumption of hotels and homestay facilities in Taiwan.Tourism Management,42, 13-21. Xu, S. C., He, Z. X., Long, R. Y. (2014). Factors that influence carbon emissions due to energy consumption in China: Decomposition analysis using LMDI.Applied Energy,127, 182-193. Yilmaz, K. (2013). Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research traditions: Epistemological, theoretical, and methodological differences. European Journal of Education, 48(2), 311-325.

Preparation For A Debate Essays - Public Speaking, Debating, Debate

Preparation for a Debate How to Prepare for a Debate People generally quarrel because they cannot argue. This quote by Gilbert K. Chesterton rings true when taking into consideration any domestic argument. Debating is a method used to argue a topic between individuals or team members. Generally debating is used to maintain order while the opposed argue. Here are some helpful guidelines for the preparation of a three aside parliamentary style debate. Firstly, when preparing for a three aside parliamentary style debate you must find out what your motion is. Your motion tells what side or viewpoint of the topic you will argue; this is key to determine where you will begin researching. A good debater can see both sides of any topic. You can either be on the side of the opposition or on the side of the proposition. The prop are the promoters of the motion, the opp opposes against it. Secondly, in preparing for this particular kind of debate it is necessary to know the format. Knowing the expected debate format is essential to both teams to ensure a smooth honest debate. The format for a three aside parliamentary style debate follows an alternate pattern starting with the propositions first speaker, and then the first speaker of the opposition follows. This alternation continues for the other team members as well. Each speaker has a maximum talk time of three minutes. The chairperson will conduct the debate, and is seated in the middle with the prop on his right and the opp on his left. During the debate the chairperson is in charge and their word is final and must be followed. The chairperson will introduce the speakers, and also thank them when their talk time has ended. During this parliamentary debate points of information are allowed by the team that is silent while the other speaks. Any points of information that a team wishes to make are not allowed during the first and last minutes of the speakers argument. This restricts all points of information to a one-minute window. The procedure for adding a point is critical. The team member will stand and say Point of Information, at this time he must wait for the speakers response of accept or reject. If accepted the point is limited to one short phrase of roughly 10 words. At any time the speaker can stop the point and continue on with his or her argument. If the point is rejected the opposed must sit immediately and no point is made. A good debater can respond to a point made by the opposite team and then continue where they left off uninterrupted. Our third guideline in preparing for a parliamentary style debate is the function of each team member. The first member of the proposition introduces their motion and defines it. Once it is defined they outline their case line and division given to each speaker. As a result of the topic being divided amongst each team member, research is also conducted according to that division. Generally, the first opp will need to ask their self, What am I defining and what are its advantages? The next to speak will be the first speaker of the opposition. This speaker will either agree or disagree with the propositions definition. However, most times it is best to go with the definition given as to avoid straying away from the given motion. It will be necessary during research for the first speaker of the opp to ask their self, Why am I opposing this motion? and be able to explain the answer. To rebut is to cement your argument around your definition. Hence, the roles of the second and third speakers are unchanging from one team to the next. The second speaker gives the information, which is the rebuttal process, followed by his case. Unlike the first speaker who does not rebuttal the second speakers argument is virtually 50% rebuttal. The third speaker brings it all towards conclusion and lays it on thick holding together his argument with those of his team members, his points are all rebuttal. At this time all the speakers have spoken and the debate is closed by the speaker thanking the members of both teams, the